• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A length-adjustable connecting rod (1) has a first rod part (4) and a second rod part (5), wherein the rod parts (4, 5) by means of a length adjustment device (60) telescopically zoom in and / or into each other and the Längenverstellvorrichtung (60 ) via a hydraulic channel (11,12) can be charged with a hydraulic medium. The hydraulic channel (11, 12) can be fluidly connected to a hydraulic medium supply channel (13) by a control device (16). The control device (16) has a first and a second valve (17, 22) each with a valve chamber (18, 23) and in each case one, by a restoring force against a valve seat (21, 26) can be pressed valve body (20, 25). The valve space (18) of the first valve (17) is flow-connected to a first hydraulic passage (11) and the second valve space (23) of the second valve (22) to a second hydraulic passage (12). The valve bodies (20, 25) are operatively connected to one another via a connecting device (27) displaceable between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position the first valve body (20) and in the second position the second valve body (25) respectively oppose the restoring force of the associated valve seat (21, 26) is liftable and the first and second valve chamber (18, 23) with the hydraulic medium supply passage (13) is flow connected, and in each case in the other position of the connecting means (27) of the first valve body (20 ) on the first valve seat (21) or the second valve body (25) rests on the second valve seat (26) and blocks the flow connection to the hydraulic medium supply channel (13).
    公开号:AT15006U2
    申请号:TGM147/2016U
    申请日:2016-06-20
    公开日:2016-10-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    LENGTH-ADJUSTABLE CONNECTING ROD
    The invention relates to a length-adjustable connecting rod for a reciprocating engine, with at least a first rod part and a second rod part, wherein the two rod parts by means of a Längenverstellvorrichtung in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the connecting rod telescopically zoom in and / or into each other, wherein the length adjustment over at least one hydraulic channel can be charged with a hydraulic medium, and wherein the at least one hydraulic channel is fluid-connectable by a control device having at least one hydraulic medium supply channel.
    In order to optimize internal combustion engines in terms of emissions and consumption variants are increasingly being examined with variable compression ratio. By changing the compression of an internal combustion engine, full load can be driven with a lower compression ratio, partial load and increased ratio starting. In the partial load range, the consumption is improved, the compression pressure is increased with the increased compression ratio at the start, and the peak pressure is reduced with a reduced ratio at high power and knocking is prevented.
    The AT 511 803 Bl describes a length-displaceable connecting rod for an internal combustion engine with two telescopically movable rod parts, between the first and the second rod part a high-pressure chamber is spanned, opens into an oil passage, the flow controlled by a control valve designed as a control device becomes. The control device has a direction of movement which is aligned normal to a crankshaft axis of the internal combustion engine.
    Furthermore, from AT 514 071 Bl a telescopically adjustable connecting rod is known, wherein a rod part of the connecting rod forms a guide cylinder and another rod part of the connecting rod in the guide cylinder longitudinally displaceable piston member, wherein between the piston member and the guide cylinder on one side of the piston a first high-pressure chamber and on the other side of the piston, a second high-pressure chamber are spanned, which open into which oil channels, the flows are controlled by means of a control device with a spool. The control device here has moving parts, which are oriented normal to the crankshaft axis as in the AT 511 803 Bl, partially also parallel to the connecting rod longitudinal axis.
    In this context, a control valve is understood to mean a control valve having a valve space and at least one valve inlet connected to the valve space and at least one valve outlet connected to the valve space, wherein the valve space is preferably cylindrical and at least one valve inlet and / or at least one In particular, open radially into the valve chamber, wherein within the valve chamber, an axially displaceable control piston is arranged, can be released or blocked by the axial displacement within the valve chamber, the valve inputs and outputs.
    Control valves are usually sealed by means of sealing rings (0-rings), in particular the control piston relative to the surrounding cylinder or the surrounding valve space, but with an axial deflection of the spool, the radial openings of the guide cylinder or the valve chamber of the oil passages to be controlled or The valve entrances and exits are run over by the sealing rings and can lead to increased wear and a short service life of the same.
    With internal combustion engines with connecting rods described above, good results at low speeds, as can be expected, for example, in commercial vehicles can be achieved. In the range of higher speeds from about 3000 U / mln, however, additional effects may occur that may complicate proper functioning and in particular proper control of the connecting rod, in particular a proper control of the length adjustment of the connecting rod. For example, act on built in the connecting rod valve body, especially at higher speeds, high mass forces, which can lead to leaks in actually closed valves.
    Another difficulty arises, especially at higher speeds, by the moving masses in the connecting rod - it is not only about the components of the control device but also to the oil channels described above, which are filled with engine oil or other hydraulic fluid. The contained oil column exerts forces at high speeds on the system, which are not manageable with known solutions.
    The prior art, no solutions can be seen that allow proper control of length-adjustable connecting rods at high speeds, as they occur in the car and high performance area.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to increase the service life of a length-adjustable connecting rod and preferably to allow a reliable, reproducible adjustment of the connecting rod length even at high speeds.
    A connecting rod according to the invention is characterized in that the control device comprises a first valve and a second valve, each having a valve body arranged in a valve body, wherein the valve body can be pressed by a restoring force against a valve seat, wherein a first valve chamber of the first valve with a first hydraulic channel and a second valve chamber of the second valve with a second hydraulic channel is flow-connected, and the valve body via a displaceable at least between a first position and a second position connecting means are operatively connected to each other, and wherein in the first position of the connecting means of the first valve body and in the second position of the connecting device of the second valve body by the connecting device in each case against the restoring force of the associated first and second valve seat can be lifted and the corresponding first or z wide valve space with the hydraulic medium supply channel is strömungsverbindbar, and in each case in the other position of the connecting means, the first valve body on the first valve seat and the second valve body rests on the second valve seat and blocks the flow connection to the hydraulic medium supply channel.
    The control device of a connecting rod according to the invention thus has, instead of a spool on simple globe valves whose loaded by a restoring force, preferably spring-loaded, for example, spherical valve body can each be pressed against a valve seat to lock the associated valve outlet or can be lifted from the valve seat , wherein by lifting the valve body from the valve seat, the flow of the corresponding oil passage is opened. By using simple lift valves instead of a control slide, in particular for controlling the length adjustment, the service life of the associated control device and thus the service life of the connecting rod can be significantly improved.
    The restoring force acting on the valve body of the first and / or second valve is preferably in each case formed by a valve spring.
    The connection device has the task of opening the first valve or the second valve alternatively.
    Under a connecting rod in the context of the invention is usually present in reciprocating engines, rod-like design and arranged between the piston and the crankshaft connecting member, via which the piston is mechanically connected to the crankshaft.
    A reciprocating engine according to the invention is a machine with which a linear lifting movement of a piston can be converted into a rotational movement of a shaft or vice versa a rotational movement of a shaft in a linear stroke movement of a piston.
    A reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention, which is also referred to simply as an internal combustion engine, is a reciprocating engine, in which the linear movement of the piston is generated by a change in volume of a gas, wherein the volume change of the gas is effected by a combustion process.
    The first rod part of a connecting rod according to the invention is preferably the rod part, which faces the piston in a functional installation state of a connecting rod according to the invention in a reciprocating piston engine and is provided in particular for connection to the piston of a reciprocating engine. For this purpose, the first rod part, as is usually the case with connecting rods, preferably a small connecting rod eye formed as a connecting rod bearing, which is in particular designed such that it can be connected to the piston by means of a piston pin.
    The second rod part of a connecting rod according to the invention is preferably the rod part, which faces in a functional installation state of a connecting rod according to the invention in a reciprocating engine of the crankshaft and is provided in particular for connection to the crankshaft. For this purpose, the second rod part preferably has a large connecting rod eye which can be mounted on a crankshaft, wherein the large connecting rod eye, as usual with connecting rods, is preferably also designed as a connecting rod bearing and is designed in particular for fastening the connecting rod to the crankshaft of a reciprocating piston engine.
    Under a hydraulic channel in the context of the invention, a particular tubular connection (sleitung) understood, which is adapted to be traversed by a hydraulic medium, wherein the term hydraulic channel is used in the following with the term oil channel synonymous.
    In the context of the invention, a hydraulic medium supply channel is understood to be a hydraulic pipe or an oil channel which is designed to supply at least one component and / or at least one volume which can be filled with a hydraulic medium with a hydraulic medium, i. supply hydraulic fluid to a component and / or a volume or to direct hydraulic fluid to a component and / or a volume. The term hydrauiikmediumversorgungskanai is used in the process while synonymous with the term Öiversorgungskanai.
    The Rücksteiikraft, against which the Ventiikörper the first Ventiis and the second Ventiis jeweiis are lifted from the associated first or second Ventiisitz, is preferably jeweiis applied by an appropriate trained, gewieite with suitable gewöiter spring force Ventiifeder.
    In principle, the Längenversteiivorrichtung the Pieuistange be carried out in aniebige manner, in a variant of the invention, the Längenversteiivorrichtung is designed such that one of the two Stangenteiie is formed as a guide body and the other Stangenteii ais in Koibeneiement displaceable in the guide body, in particular between a first end face of Koibeneiementes and the guide body, a first high-pressure chamber and between a second end face of Koibeneiementes and the guide body, a second high pressure chamber is clamped, wherein in the first high-pressure chamber of the first Hydrauiikkanai opens and in the second high-pressure chamber of the second Hydrauiik kanai. With a piezo stick of this type, it is possible to react in a particularly simple manner to a piezoelectric bar that can be fixed in terms of length, in particular a hydrau- lically fixed piezoelectric bar.
    In order to lengthen such a piezo stick according to the invention, the control device can be supplied with a hydraulic medium which is preferably pressurized, in particular via the hydraulic medium supply channel. One of the two hydraulic channels, which are each connected to one of the two high-pressure chambers, can be flow-connected to the hydraulic medium supply channel via the control device.
    Depending on the state of the control device, in particular depending on the position of the connec tion device of the control device, either the first hydraulic channel and thus the first high-pressure chamber with the hydraulic medium supply channel flow connected or the second hydraulic channel and thus the second high-pressure chamber.
    Depending on the, in which the two Hochdrückräume the higher pressure is applied, the two rod parts of the connecting rod telescopically apart or pushed together, so that the connecting rod length increases or decreases.
    The term hydraulic medium is used in the following synonymous with the term actuation medium.
    In an advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the connecting device has at least one displaceable between a first position and a second position connecting element, wherein the first valve body and the second valve body via the connecting element are operatively connected to each other.
    Preferably, it is provided that the connecting element is firmly connected to a displaceable in a control cylinder control piston, which adjoins a control chamber into which a - preferably connected to the oil supply channel flow - opens control line. By pressurizing the control chamber, the control piston can be deflected counter to a restoring force formed by a return spring.
    As a result, in a functional use state of a connecting rod according to the invention in an internal combustion engine, the control piston and thus also the connecting element can be deflected via the pressure applied in the hydraulic medium supply duct oil pressure. It goes without saying that this is only possible if the oil pressure is sufficient to overcome the restoring force of the return spring. Preferably, the control device is designed such that the response of the control piston can be adjusted according to the spring force of the return spring, at least within certain limits.
    In a particularly simple structural embodiment of an internal combustion engine with a connecting rod according to the invention can for controlling the length adjustment of the connecting rod, in particular for deflecting the control piston and thus for actuating the control device, which provided for the lubrication of the connecting rod bearing in the large connecting rod, this area supplied lubricating oil or Engine oil can be used, wherein the lubricating oil can be supplied to the control device preferably via the Hydraullkmediumversorgungskanal.
    That is, a connecting rod according to the invention formed in the manner described above makes it possible, in particular, to utilize the oil pressure applied in the internal combustion engine to control the length adjustment of the connecting rod, so that no additional oil pressure generating device is required. In general, occurring during operation of an internal combustion engine oil pressures are also suitable.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the valve body and the connecting device, in particular the valve body and the connecting element, are separate components, wherein the connecting device, in particular the connecting element, in the first position of the second valve body and in the second position is spaced from the first valve body. This ensures that with a large stroke only one valve is open and the other valve is closed. With a smaller stroke, in principle, both valves can be opened.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the connecting element is designed as an axially displaceable connecting rod.
    Preferably, the connecting element is arranged parallel to the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod or in the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod and in particular axially displaceable parallel to the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod or in the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod, wherein the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod preferably corresponds to a Schwingebe- ne the connecting rod.
    In an alternative embodiment, the connecting element, in particular the connecting rod, however, is arranged normal to the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod and in particular normal to the longitudinal center plane or in a plane normal to the longitudinal center plane of the connecting rod axially displaceable.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the connecting element is designed as a normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod arranged, axially displaceable connecting rod.
    The connecting element can be designed in particular as a normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod arranged axially displaceable in a guide of the connecting rod connecting rod. The connecting element has the task of opening the first valve or the second valve alternatively.
    Depending on the position of the connecting device or the control piston in each case the first valve or the second valve of the control device is opened, so that the hydraulic medium supply channel is fluidly connected to either the first high-pressure chamber or the second high-pressure chamber in the connecting rod. As a result, hydraulic fluid under pressure from the respective, associated high-pressure chamber can be discharged via the hydraulic medium supply channel. In particular, at the same time arises as a result of acting in an internal combustion engine during the lifting movements of the connecting rod mass forces due to the accelerations of the connecting rod and the forces acting as a result of a combustion process on the connecting rod forces a suction that is so strong that the actually closed other valve is opened due to the suction effect (The valve body lifts due to the suction effect from the valve seat), so that fills the other high-pressure chamber with hydraulic medium. With increasing filling of this high-pressure chamber hydraulic fluid is increasingly discharged from the other high-pressure chamber. This changes the connecting rod length. Depending on the configuration of the connecting rod, in particular of the control device and depending on the operating state of the internal combustion engine, multiple strokes of the connecting rod may be required until a maximum possible change in length of the connecting rod is reached.
    In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the connecting element, preferably the connecting rod, displaceable along a displacement axis, the displacement axis preferably not normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, but in particular with a normal plane on a longitudinal axis of the connecting rod an angle α spans for which the following relation holds: 0 ° <α <= 90 °. The relationship is in words: 0 ° small angle α less than or equal to 90 °.
    The displacement axis of the connecting element is thus particularly preferably formed inclined to a normal plane on the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod. The displacement axis can thus be arranged between a position practically normal to a longitudinal axis of the connecting rod (angle α near 0 °) up to a position parallel to a longitudinal axis of the connecting rod extending (angle α = 90 °). The inclined arrangement can be compensated by a favorable choice of the angle, the disturbing influences of the inertia of the hydraulic medium column in the hydraulic channels and the components of the control device, in particular the connecting element. The hydraulic medium supply channel extends in a variant of the invention between a connecting rod bearing of the large connecting rod eye (wherein the hydraulic medium supply channel expediently via a removal hole in the connecting rod bearing or in a groove executed in the connecting rod bearing groove) and the control device. Faults or malfunctions in the control of the control device can thus be avoided. As a hydraulic medium, for example, engine oil can be used. In addition, this arrangement further disturbing influences on components of the length adjustment resulting at high speeds can be minimized - examples are valve elements and other adjustment mechanisms whose effect is affected by inertial forces occurring at high speeds.
    The connecting element may be arranged parallel or coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod in a simple embodiment of the invention, which corresponds to an angle α of 90 °. Particularly good results can be achieved, however, if the angle α between 30 ° and 60 °, preferably between 40 ° and 50, is.
    In a variant of the invention, the displacement axis is arranged parallel to or coincident with a Ölresultierenden. Oil resulting as the hydraulic medium column between the sampling point in the large connecting rod and its point of action on the controller understood, in a variant of the invention, the oil resulting from a connecting line between the sampling point in the large connecting rod (in the case of a removal hole of the bore center) and the active position of the hydraulic medium column is approximated to the controller. The term oil-causing does not exclude the use of hydraulic fluids other than oil. In the following, the term oil column is used synonymously for the term hydraulic medium column. Characterized in that the displacement axis is formed parallel to or coincident with the Ölresultierenden, the inertial force of the hydraulic medium column between the removal in the connecting rod bearing and the point of action and the mass forces of the control device can compensate. In addition, the material and weight of the control device can be optimized so that the compensation described above is particularly effective. With these embodiments, in addition to the inertial influences of the hydraulic medium, further forces acting on the components of the control device at high speeds of about 3000 rpm can be optimally reduced.
    The arrangement of the displacement axis of the connecting element with respect to the oil resulting thus allows a balancing of the phases of the oscillatory movements of the oil column and the connecting element. The amplitude of the vibrations can be balanced by adjusting the mass of the connecting element so that the inertial force of the connecting element is equivalent to the inertial force of the oil column (in particular the force acting on the connecting element). The force component parallel to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod of a return spring of the connecting element acts in the direction of the small connecting rod eye. In other words, according to the invention, therefore, the displacement axis of the connecting element is arranged parallel to an oil-resultant and the mass of the connecting element is adapted to the mass of the oil-resultant. In this case, the mass adaptation to the basic or accelerated mass (especially at high speeds) of the oil-causing, so the located in the supply lines hydraulic medium can be adjusted.
    As described above, the hydraulic medium supply channel usually goes from the large rod connecting rod associated conrod. This can lead to very high acceleration forces during operation of the internal combustion engine, especially in this area. In a variant of the invention, therefore, the hydraulic medium supply channel extends from a region of the connecting rod bearing, which is in a range between 40 ° and 320 ° circumferential angle of the large connecting rod, with 0 ° that intersection between the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod and the large connecting rod is defined which has the smallest distance to the small connecting rod eye. Particularly favorable results have emerged when the hydraulic medium supply channel emanates from the large connecting rod eye in a range of approximately 315 ° circumferential angle. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when the angle α is selected in the range of 30 ° -60 °. If the angle α is selected in the range of 90 °, it is favorable if the hydraulic medium supply channel extends in a range between 135 ° and 225 °, in particular 180 °.
    That is, in an advantageous embodiment of a connecting rod according to the invention, the hydraulic medium supply channel extends from a region of the connecting rod bearing, which is in a range between 40 ° and 320 °, preferably about 315 °, circumferential angle of the large connecting rod, with 0 ° that Intersection point between the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod and the large connecting rod eye is defined, which has the smallest distance to the small connecting rod eye.
    As a result, disturbing influences due to the inertia of the oil column can be minimized and shorter bores can be used. In addition, since the area of the connecting rod bearing between 320 ° and 40 ° by the combustion force during operation of the connecting rod is particularly pressure-loaded and holes, recesses and grooves in this area can lead to weakening, in extreme cases to bearing damage in the large connecting rod - can be this Reduce risk by providing holes outside this area.
    In a simple and space-saving embodiment variant of the invention it is provided that a first stroke axis of the first valve body is coaxially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the displacement rod, i. the connecting rod is formed, wherein the first valve is arranged in the region of a first end of the connecting rod.
    Furthermore, it can be provided in an easy to manufacture and space-saving design that a second stroke axis of the second valve body is formed coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, wherein the second valve is disposed in the region of a second end of the connecting rod, and preferably the valve seats of the first and the second valve are facing away from each other. The lifting axes of the valve body and the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod are thus arranged normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod.
    For internal combustion engines with high speeds, for example, over 4000 rev / min, it may be advantageous if the first stroke axis of the first valve body is not coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, but if the first stroke axis at a first angle of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod is arranged inclined. Thereby, a lifting of the first valve body from the first valve seat at high speeds due to the inertial forces can be avoided.
    In this case, at least one preferably rod-shaped first transmission element can be arranged axially displaceable between the first valve body and the connecting rod, wherein preferably the first displacement axis of the transmission element is arranged coaxially to the first stroke axis of the first valve body. This makes it possible in a particularly simple manner, an axial displacement of the connecting element in a lifting movement of the associated first valve body along the first lifting axis, i. in a lifting of the first valve body along the first stroke axis, implement.
    Internal combustion engines with even higher speed - for example, up to 8800 U / min - can be operated, although the second stroke axis of the second valve body is inclined at a second angle of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod. This prevents - as with the first valve body - a lifting of the second valve body from the second valve seat at very high speeds in consequence of the inertial forces.
    I. E. Preferably, in particular at a connecting rod, which is to be used in an internal combustion engine with rotational speeds above 3000 rpm, at least one lifting axle, i. the first lifting axis of the first valve body and / or the second lifting axis of the second valve body, inclined at an angle of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod.
    For higher speeds, in particular at speeds of about 4000 rpm to about 8800 rpm, it is particularly advantageous if the first stroke axis and the second stroke axis, i. both Hubachsen, each at an angle of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° inclined to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod are arranged.
    In this case, in an analogous manner between the second valve body and the connecting rod at least one preferably rod-shaped, second transmission element to be axially displaceable, wherein preferably the second displacement axis of the second transmission element is arranged coaxially to the second stroke axis of the second valve body. This makes it possible in a particularly simple manner, an axial displacement of the connecting element in a lifting movement of the associated second valve body along the second lifting axis, i. in a lifting of the second valve body along the second stroke axis, implement.
    In order to easily allow a deflection of the actuating force of the connecting rod to the first valve or second valve, i. E. a conversion of the axial displacement movement in a lifting movement of the associated valve body, it is advantageous if between the first transmission element and the connecting rod and / or between the second transmission element and the connecting rod at least one preferably spherical ümlenkelement is arranged, with particularly preferably the üm-steering element in one of the receiving bores of the connecting rod and the first and second transmission element connecting and is arranged at an angle greater than 0 ° to this inclined ümlenkbohrung. The connecting rod thus acts indirectly via at least one deflection element and at least one transmission element on the valve body of the corresponding first or second valve. The use of deflecting elements has the advantage that the connecting rod can be built with a very small thickness, since the thickness has no influence on the stroke of the valve body.
    As an alternative to a deflecting element arranged between connecting rod and transmission element, it can be provided that the connecting rod acts directly on the first or second transmission element, at least in one position.
    In this case, at least one end of the connecting element, in particular at least one end of the connecting rod, and / or the first and / or second transmission element is conically or spherically shaped. In this case, the thickness of the connecting rod has influence on the maximum possible stroke of the valve body to be controlled. The thickness of the connecting rod should be at least twice the stroke of the valve body. In this case, can be dispensed with a separate ümlenkelement.
    As a result, the valve body formed for example by balls can be deflected easily and with little resistance.
    The thickness of the connecting rod is understood in a control device with at least one valve with a not coaxial with the connecting rod extending stroke, the diameter of Vebindungsstange in a direction parallel to this stroke. This applies both to connecting rods with a round cross-section and connecting rods with n-square cross-section.
    In a control device with valves whose lifting axes are both coaxial with the connecting rod, the thickness of the connecting rod is preferably the maximum diameter of the connecting rod.
    In a simple and space-saving embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first stroke axis of the first valve body is formed normal to the displacement axis of the connecting element and / or to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, wherein the first valve is arranged in the region of a first end of the connecting element.
    Furthermore, it can be provided in an easy to manufacture and space-saving design that the second stroke axis of the second valve body is formed normal to the displacement axis of the connecting element and / or the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, wherein the second valve in the region of a second end of the connecting element is arranged. The lifting axes of the valve body are thus arranged in normal planes to the displacement axis of the connecting element and / or in normal planes to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod. The first and the second lifting axis of the first and second valve body are thus in spaced-apart planes, wherein the distance of the two planes is advantageously greater than the length of the connecting element.
    In a variant of the invention, the first stroke axis of the first valve body and / or the second stroke axis of the second valve body are designed to extend parallel to a crankshaft axis. In a further variant, the displacement axis of the connecting element may be parallel to the crankshaft axis running, i. be arranged normal to the longitudinal center plane or the swinging plane of the connecting rod. This prevents inertia forces of the valve body from acting in the spring direction of the valve body pretension and thereby unintentionally opening the valve. In addition, the valve bodies can be designed and / or guided so that unintentional opening of the valves is prevented by the influence of inertia.
    A stable position of the connecting element at low control pressure can be achieved if the connecting element is deflectable against the force of a return spring, wherein preferably a directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod force component of the restoring force acts in the direction of the small connecting rod. In this way, a reliable control of the length adjustment can be ensured even at very high speeds of the internal combustion engine.
    In a further embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the control cylinder has at its outer periphery a preferably formed by a circumferential annular groove annulus, which is fluidly connected to the control chamber or a high-pressure chamber. As a result, an unintentional displacement of the control piston and thus of the displacement device in certain operating areas, for example by pressure surges when opening one of the two valves can be avoided because the control piston is clamped or blocked by the filling of the annular space.
    In a connecting rod whose control device has at least one displaceably mounted in the direction of a displacement axis part, wherein the displacement axis is preferably arranged in a rocking plane of the connecting rod-and in particular normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod-can be provided within the scope of the invention further in that at least one reciprocating part of the control device has at least one buoyant body or is at least partially designed as a buoyant body.
    The reciprocating or slidably mounted in one direction part of the control device is preferably the control piston and / or the connecting device, in particular the connecting element.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the connecting device has at least one buoyant body or is at least partially designed as a buoyant body. In this case, the connecting rod may for example be hollow and thus form a buoyant body itself. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that at least one valve body has at least one buoyancy body or is at least partially designed as a buoyancy body.
    The buoyant body floating in the actuation medium preferably has a lower density than the actuating oil, for example engine oil, i. E. as an actuating medium, with which the control device can be actuated, wherein the control device in a functional use state of the connecting rod in a reciprocating piston machine is preferably operable with the guided in the reciprocating engine lubricating oil or engine oil. The buoyant body may be formed as a hollow body or as a closed-cell foam body, for example made of polystyrene. Preferably, the buoyant body is firmly connected to the reciprocating part or formed integrally therewith.
    By firmly connected to the reciprocating part or integrally formed with this buoyancy body, the accelerated mass can be reduced, the Archimedean principle that the static buoyancy of a body in a medium is the same as the weight of the body displaced medium, is used.
    All the measures mentioned contribute to the fact that the density of the entire system and the masses, to which lateral accelerations act as a result of the crankshaft revolution, can be substantially reduced. In this way, engine speeds can be realized well above 7000 U / min, without the function of the length adjustability of the connecting rod is limited.
    Preferably, at least one reciprocating part of the control device is formed by a control piston displaceably mounted in a cylinder, the first end face of which adjoin a control chamber acted upon by oil or with the actuating medium and whose second end face adjoin a spring space having a return spring. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one buoyant body in the region of the first end face and / or in the region of the second end face of the control piston is arranged, wherein preferably the control piston between the control chamber and the spring chamber has defined leaks.
    A substantial reduction of the accelerated mass can be achieved, in particular, if a buoyant body is arranged both in the region of the first end face and in the region of the second end face adjoining the spring chamber. For this purpose, it is necessary that the spring chamber is flooded with the oil, and it is basically not necessary to flood the spring chamber, but only in connection with the buoyancy function when the mass forces are to be reduced by means of a buoyant body. This, i. the flooding of the spring chamber, can be achieved with very little effort when the control piston between the control chamber and the spring chamber has a defined leakage, preferably the spring chamber is fluidly connected to a storage space, which may be arranged for example in the same rod part of the connecting rod as the control device ,
    For the purposes of the invention, leakage is understood to mean a transfer of oil or of the hydraulic medium via narrow cracks and gaps or through narrow cracks and gaps as a result of the applied pressures.
    A defined leakage is understood to be a leak that has been deliberately provided or designed, with the dimensions of the interacting components, in particular the tolerance play or the fit of the components to one another, preferably being selected such that a defined one Leakage sets, ie a defined transfer of oil or hydraulic medium through narrow cracks and gaps due to the applied pressure.
    If the storage space is connected via a throttle to the crankcase, an unobstructed oil return into the crankcase chamber can be achieved.
    Thus, the spring chamber of the control piston is always filled with oil, as can always be sucked by the reciprocating movements of the control piston enough oil from the storage space and / or through the leaks. The throttle allows damping of the movement of the control piston, whereby it is less sensitive to any returning pressure waves.
    When cold starting, there is a desire for a high compression. However, when the engine is cold, there is a high oil pressure in the lubricating oil circuit, which would shorten the connecting rod, which hinders the desire for high compression. In order to avoid this problem it can be provided within the scope of the invention that the connecting device and / or the control piston has at least one thermocouple.
    It is particularly advantageous if the connecting element of the connecting device is designed as a preferably normal to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod, axially displaceable connecting rod which - is axially divided - preferably in the region of the control piston, wherein the thermocouple between a first connecting rod part and a second connecting rod part, particularly preferably between the first connecting rod part and the control piston is arranged.
    The thermocouple has a shorter installation length in the cold state than in the warm state. Such thermocouples with a temperature-sensitive expansion element with, for example, oil, wax, hard paraffin or metal as the expansion material are used for example in thermostatic valves of internal combustion engines.
    When cold, the thermocouple compensates for the high control pressure in the cold lubricating oil circuit, which is why a shortening of the connecting rod and thus lowering the compression at cold start is avoided. Due to the contracted expansion material of the thermoelement, the length of the connecting element is shortened, which is why an opening of the first valve is omitted and the pressure in the first high-pressure chamber is maintained. Upon reaching the operating temperature of the expansion material expands in the thermocouple, whereby the connecting element reaches the necessary for the actuation of the first valve normal length. The desired compression values can now be set according to the control of the engine map. For example, high compression is set for the low load range and low compression for the high load range.
    The internal combustion engine is usually operated immediately before shutdown in the partial load and with high compression. When the engine is stopped, the high compression required for the cold start has been set.
    To avoid that after prolonged rest period, the oil is pressed out of the first high-pressure chamber by the piston weight, may be arranged between the first and second rod part acting in the direction of connecting rod extension spring element, wherein preferably the spring element is formed as a plate spring. By the spring element, the second rod part of the connecting rod is held in its upper position.
    When adjusting the length of the connecting rod may possibly lead to pressure waves in the hydraulic system, which on the one hand can lead to an undesired adjustment of the control device and on the other hand to adverse influences or damage in the rest of the oil system of the vehicle. To avoid this, it is provided in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention that at least one first throttle device and / or at least one second throttle device is arranged in the first oil passage or in the first hydraulic passage. By the throttle devices, it is possible to avoid returning pressure waves or at least slow down to a harmless extent. In this case, in each case a throttle device may be provided in one of the two oil channels or in both oil channels.
    In order to allow a rapid filling of the high-pressure chambers despite the throttling devices, can be provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the first throttle device and / or the second throttle device by a first bypass channel and a second bypass channel is bypassed, preferably in the first bypass channel and / or the second bypass channel, a first bypass valve or second bypass valve is arranged. The first or second bypass valve can be designed as a check valve opening in the direction of the respective high-pressure chamber.
    A further embodiment variant of the invention provides that the control device together with the valve body and connecting device is designed as a module and is arranged in a housing which can be inserted as a unit into a corresponding recess in the first or second rod part. Depending on the design or arrangement of the displacement axis of the connecting element, the unit can be inserted into the recess in the direction of or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod. In this case, housing and recess are preferably made substantially cylindrical. Any oil feeds into the interior of the module can be ensured by circumferential grooves and associated, leading into the recess oil supply openings.
    These and other features are apparent from the claims and from the description also from the drawings, wherein the individual features may be implemented alone or in each case in the form of sub-combinations in an embodiment of the invention and an advantageous and can represent protection for themselves, for which also protection is claimed, if it is technically feasible.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to non-limiting exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the figures. 2 shows a schematic control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a first switching position, FIG. 2b shows this schematic control device in a second switching position, [0093] [0093] FIG 3 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a first embodiment variant, [0094] FIG. 4 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a second embodiment variant, [0095] FIG. 5 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a third variant embodiment, [FIG. 6 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a fourth embodiment variant, [0097] FIG. 7 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a fifth embodiment variant, [0098] FIG. 8 shows the control device from FIG. 7 in a disassembly position, [FIG. 0099] FIG. 9 shows a control device 10 shows a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a seventh embodiment variant, [00101] FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in an eighth embodiment variant, and [00102] FIG. FIG. 12 shows a practical embodiment of the eighth embodiment variant shown schematically in FIG. 11, FIG. 13 shows a schematic control device for an inventive embodiment
    Connecting rod in a ninth embodiment, Fig. 14 shows a practical embodiment of the ninth embodiment schematically shown in Figure 13, Fig. 15 this connecting rod in a section along the lines XV-XV in Fig. 14, [00106] 16 shows this connecting rod in a section according to the lines XVI-XVI in FIG. 14, [00107] FIGS. 17 and 18 show the relative displacements of the rod parts and the pressures in FIGS
    High pressure chambers above the crank angle for different engine speeds.
    19 shows a schematic view of a connecting rod according to the invention, FIG. 20a shows a connecting rod according to the invention in a tenth embodiment, in a longitudinal section along line II in FIG. 20b, FIG. 20b shows a first rod part of this connecting rod in a top view together
    [00111] FIG. 21 a first rod part of the connecting rod from FIG. 20a with control device in an oblique view, [00112] FIG. 22 a first rod part of the connecting rod from FIG. 20a together with the control device in a further oblique view, Fig. 23 is a connecting rod according to the invention in an eleventh Ausführungsvari ante in a longitudinal section along the line VV in Fig. 24, Fig. 24, a first rod part of this connecting rod in a plan view together
    FIG. 25 shows a first rod part of the connecting rod from FIG. 23 together with the control device in a diagonal and partial sectional view, FIG. 26 shows a first rod part of the connecting rod from FIG. 23 together with the control device in FIG further oblique and partial sectional view, Fig. 27 shows the detail IX of Fig. 20a. [00118] Fig. 28 shows the detail X of Fig. 23, Fig. 29 is a schematic representation of a control device for a connecting rod inven tion proper FIG. 30 shows a schematic illustration of the control device from FIG. 29 in a second switching position, FIG. 31 shows a schematic representation of a control device for a connecting rod according to the invention in a thirteenth embodiment variant in FIG first switching position, FIG. 32 is a schematic representation of the control device of FIG. 31 in a second switching position Fig. 33 schematically shows the area from which the hydraulic medium supply passage according to an embodiment of Fig. 34, in a section through the crankpin of a crankshaft, Fig. 34, a pressure on the connecting element / crank angle diagram of a length-adjustable connecting rod according to the state and Fig. 35 is a pressure showing a pressure at the connecting member / crank angle diagram of a connecting rod according to the present invention.
    [00126] Functional elements Telle are provided with the same reference symbols in the variant embodiments shown in the figures.
    Fig. 1 shows a two-part connecting rod 1 for a reciprocating engine, such as an internal combustion engine, with a small connecting rod 2 for a not further shown piston pin bearing and a large connecting rod 3 for a not further shown Kurbelzapfenlagereiner internal combustion engine. The rotational symmetry axes of the small or large connecting rod 2, 3 are denoted by 2a and 3a, respectively. The longitudinal axis of the connecting rod 1 is 1a, one on the rotational symmetry axes 2a and 3a of the small and large connecting rod 2, 3 normal and the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1-containing longitudinal center plane - the swing plane - the connecting rod 1 is denoted by ε.
    The connecting rod 1 has an upper first rod part 4 with the small connecting rod eye 2 and a lower second rod part 5 with the large connecting rod eye 3. The first rod part 4 is adjustable relative to the second rod part 5 between an extended position and an inserted position shown in Fig. 1 by an adjustment range AL in the direction of the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1. In the upper first rod part 4, a substantially cylindrical piston element 6 is fastened, for example, with a fastening screw 7 formed by a hexagon socket screw.
    The piston member 6 is axially slidably guided in a guide cylinder 8 of the lower second rod member 5 of the connecting rod 1, wherein between a large connecting rod 3 facing first end face 6a of the piston member 6 and the second rod member 5 in at least one position of the two rod parts. 4 , 5 a first high-pressure chamber 9 is clamped. The piston element 6 designed as a stepped piston has a second end face 6b facing the small connecting rod eye 2, which adjoins a second high-pressure chamber 10, whose cylindrical lateral surface is formed by the guide cylinder 8 of the second rod part 5. Under a stepped piston is generally a piston - in the present Case a "double-acting piston" - understood with different sized effective surfaces, one of the active surfaces (here: the oriented against the second high-pressure chamber 10 effective area) as an annular surface and the other effective surface is formed as a circular area. Due to the different effective surfaces, the pressure conditions described here can be realized.
    The annular first and second end faces 6a, 6b form pressure application surfaces for an actuating medium, for example engine oil, which is led into the high-pressure chambers 9, 10 and is under pressure.
    In the first high-pressure chamber 9, a first oil passage 11 and in the second high pressure chamber 10, a second oil passage 12 opens.
    The oil supply of the first and second oil passage 11, 12 via the oil supply passage 13, which extends from the connecting rod bearing 3b of the large connecting rod 3 and thus fluidly connected to the crank pin bearing, not shown, and connected to the oil supply passage 13 connecting channels 14,15.
    For controlling the pressures in the first and second high-pressure chambers 9,10, a control device 16 in the connecting rod 1, in the lower second rod member 5, is provided, which in the flow path between the first connecting channel 14 and the first oil passage 11 a first Valve 17 having a first valve chamber 18, in which a biased by a first valve spring 19 first valve body 20 is pressed against a first valve seat 21. In the first valve chamber 18, the first oil passage 11 opens. Furthermore, the control device 16 has a second valve 22 with a second valve chamber 23, in which a biased by a second valve spring 24 second valve body 25 is pressed against a second valve seat 26, wherein the second oil passage 12 opens into the second valve chamber 23. Furthermore, the control device 16 has a connecting device 27 between the first valve 17 and the second valve 22 with at least one connecting element 28, which is formed in the embodiments by a normal to the longitudinal axis 1a, in particular in a longitudinal center plane ε of the connecting rod 1 connecting rod 29. The connecting element 28 is fixedly connected to a control piston 31 displaceable in a control cylinder 30. The spring-loaded by a return spring 32 control piston 31 is adjacent to a control chamber 33, in which a connected to the oil supply channel 13 and the Verbln-Dungskanal 15 Steuerleltung 34 opens. The valve body 20 or 25 and the connecting device 27 are separate components. As a result, in at least one first displacement position of the connecting element 28 shown in FIG. 2a, the connecting device 27 is spaced from the second valve body 25 and in a second displacement position shown in FIG. 2b from the first valve body 20.
    The first and second valve bodies 20, 25 of the first and second valves 17, 22 are preferably formed by balls.
    By the valve body 20, 25 of the first and second valves 17, 22, the flow connections between the first supply channel 14 and the first oil passage 11 and between the second supply passage 15 and the second oil passage 12 are opened or closed. The existing example of plastic control piston 31 is actuated by the oil pressure of the internal combustion engine.
    If the oil pressure - for example, at light load - under a defined set pressure (for example 1.8 bar) is maintained, the control piston 31 remains in its position shown in Fig. 2b second position, because the spring force of the return spring 32 is greater In this case, the connecting rod 29, which is fixed to the control piston 31 - for example by a press fit - holds the valve body 25 for the connection to the second high-pressure chamber 10 is opened via the second oil passage 12, while the first valve body 20 of the first valve 17 for the connection to the first high-pressure chamber 9 by the first valve spring 19 remains closed.
    During the lifting movement acts in the region of the top dead center of the piston, not shown, a mass force on the connecting rod 1, which the first rod part together with piston 6 - in Fig. 1, 2a and 2b considered - and thus pulls the small eye up , In this case, oil is sucked in via the actually closed first valve 21, in that the first valve body 20 is raised counter to the restoring force of the first valve spring 19 by the suction effect produced in the first high-pressure chamber 9; the lower first high pressure chamber 9 fills with oil via the first oil passage 11, while oil is pressed out of the upper second high pressure chamber 10 into the second oil passage 12. The connecting rod 1 is thereby longer. The oil flow in the oil passages 11,12 is shown by arrows in Fig. 2b.
    When the oil pressure at a higher engine load increases to a higher level, the return spring 32 of the control piston 31 is compressed, wherein the control piston 31 moves to a left stop of the control cylinder 30.
    In this position, the connecting rod 29 presses the first valve body 20 of the first valve 17, which connects the lower first high-pressure chamber 9 with the oil supply channel 13. This allows the oil from the first high-pressure chamber 9 to flow back into the oil supply channel 13 and thus further into the oil supply system. Since the connecting rod 29 is lifted from the second valve body 25 and thus the second valve body is pressed by the restoring force of the second valve spring 24 to the second valve seat 26, the second valve 22 is closed; at each ignition, the piston 6 is depressed and sucked oil into the second high-pressure chamber 10 by the suction in the second high-pressure chamber 10 via the actually closed second valve 22 by the opposite of the force of the second valve spring 24 contrasting second valve body 25 to the second high-pressure chamber 10 with oil is filled. The flow of the oil is indicated by arrows in Fig. 2a. In this position, the connecting rod 1 is shorter.
    When the oil pressure in the oil system is lowered again, the return spring 32 of the control piston 31 (FIG. 2b) expands and the control piston 31 moves - as viewed in FIG. 2b - to the right, wherein the second valve 22 for the second high-pressure chamber 10 is opened and the first valve 17 for the first high-pressure chamber 9 is closed. The first high pressure chamber 9 pumps again in the manner described by acting on the second rod member and the piston member 6 at the top dead center of the piston mass forces and the connecting rod 1 is longer again.
    In the following, various embodiments of the control device 16 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9.
    Fig. 3 shows a schematic representations of Fig. 2a and 2b corresponding first embodiment, in which the first stroke axis 20a of the first valve body 20 of the first valve 17 and the second stroke axis 25a of the second valve body 25 of the second valve 22 coaxial with Longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29 are arranged.
    The control device 16 has a housing 35 inserted and fixed in the second connecting rod part 5. The housing 35 has a guide part 35a for the connecting rod 29 in the region of the first valve 17 and a guide part 35b for the connecting rod 29 in the region of the second valve 22, wherein in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the first valve 17 in the guide part 35a and the second valve 22 is arranged in a guide part 35b. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 and 14, the guide part 35b is formed by the valve housing 55 of the second valve 22, which valve housing 55 is laterally inserted and fixed in a receiving bore 56 of the second rod part 5 becomes. The displacement rod 29 or connecting rod 29 is slidably mounted in the two guide members 35a, 35b. The control piston 30 accommodating the control piston 30 is formed by the guide part 35a. In the region of the first oil channel 11, the guide part 35a for supplying the first high-pressure chamber 9 with oil has an annular space 46 which is flow-connected to the first valve chamber 18 via a radial bore. Similarly, in the guide part 35b in the region of the second Öikanais 12 a Umiaufender annular space 47 is incorporated, is connected via a radiaie bore with the second Ventiiraum 23 fluidly connected.
    In the example shown in FIG. 3, the first connecting channel 14 and the control line 34 are arranged in the guide part 35a, and the second connecting channel 15 is arranged in the guide part 35b.
    An annular gap 36 formed between the guide portion 35a and the first rod portion 4 serves to connect the oil supply passage 13 arranged in the first rod portion 4 to the first connection passage 14 and the control passage 34 leading to the control space 33. If necessary, a drossei 49 can be arranged between the second connecting channel 15 and the control chamber 33. Furthermore, a throttle 50 may be arranged in the outgoing from the connecting rod 3b oil supply channel 13.
    The consisting of the two guide members 35a, 35b housing 35 with the integrated connection channels 14,15 and the integrated control line 34 has the advantage that for integrating a control device of a connecting rod according to the invention in the first rod part 4 of a designed for a spool known connecting rod no or only a few adaptations must be carried out, so that the production costs, in particular the change in production, can be kept very small.
    Reference numeral 44 denotes a vent line for venting or venting the control chamber 33 and for removing leaking oil. The vent line 44 may have a restrictor 44a (FIG. 13). High pressure areas of the housing 35 are sealed by O-ring seals 45. With sealing plug 48 manufacturing technology necessary holes are closed.
    FIG. 4 shows an alternative second embodiment of the control device 16, which essentially differs by a clamping function for the control piston 31 of FIG. 3.
    In order to prevent that when opening the second valve 22 for the second high-pressure chamber 10, the pressure wave, the control piston 31 in Fig. 2b seen to the left pushes and thereby the other first valve 17, which seals the lower first high-pressure chamber 9, reopened is, the control cylinder 30 receiving housing 35 of the control device 16 is designed so that in the region of the control piston 31, the pressure wave constricting the housing wall of the control cylinder 30 elastic. The guide part 35a of the housing 35 has for this purpose a constriction of the housing wall in the region of the control cylinder 30 forming annular groove 37a, the annular space 37 is connected to the second oil passage 12 via an intermediate channel 38. The wall thickness in this constricted area is chosen so that the deformation of the housing wall surrounding the control cylinder 30 due to the pressure applied in the annular space 37 of the annular groove 37a when a pressure wave occurs is sufficiently large to clamp the control piston 31. Whenever high pressure prevails in the second high-pressure chamber 10, the housing 35 is deformed in such a way that the control piston 31 is clamped and a displacement of this due to pressure waves occurring is effectively prevented. When the control piston 31 is clamped by the deformation of the housing 35, thus, the first valve 17 can not be opened by the control piston 31.
    The control movement can therefore always take place only in the unpressurized phases, i. referred to the described embodiment in phases in which in particular the second valve 22, which is fluidly connected via the second hydraulic passage 12 to the second high-pressure chamber 10 is not open, preferably in phases in which none of the valves is open.
    Furthermore, in Fig. 4, the connecting channels 14, 15 partially arranged in the first rod part 4 and partially in the housing 35.
    FIG. 5 shows a third variant in which the first valve space and the control cylinder are formed directly by the first rod part 4.
    FIG. 6 shows a fourth variant in which the first lifting axis 20a of the first valve body 20 is inclined at a first angle α of approximately 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29. Specifically, in the exemplary embodiment, the first lifting axle 20a is arranged normally on the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29, but the second lifting axle 25a of the second valve body 25 is arranged coaxially with the longitudinal axle 29a of the connecting rod 29. Between the first valve body 20 and the connecting rod 29 at least one axially displaceable, substantially rod-shaped first transmission element 39 is arranged, wherein preferably the longitudinal axis 39a of the transmission element 39 is arranged coaxially to the first lifting axis 20a of the first valve body 20.
    For deflecting the movement of the connecting rod 29 on the first valve body 20 and the first transmission element 39, a spherical deflecting element 40 is arranged in a deflection hole 41 which connects the receiving bore 29b of the connecting rod 29 and the receiving bore 39b of the transmission element 39. The first deflecting bore 41 is inclined at an angle β> 0 °, for example 45 °, to the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29 and to the first lifting axis 20a of the first valve body 20. The connecting rod 29 thus acts indirectly, ie via the deflection element 39, on the transmission element 39. The connecting rod 29 and / or the deflecting element 40 may consist of a ceramic material, which ensures high strength and low thermal expansion.
    Characterized in that the first lifting axle 20a is arranged inclined to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod 29 and parallel to the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod, a lifting of the first valve body 20 by inertia forces as a result of deceleration and acceleration movements of the connecting rod in the region of the large connecting rod during the crank movement can be prevented. The second valve 22 is less vulnerable to lift-off, since in the region of the maxima of the inertial forces higher closing forces than the sum of the oil pressure in the second high-pressure chamber 10 and the restoring force of the second valve spring 24 act on the second valve body 25. Thus, revolutions up to about 4000 U / min can be driven without mass force induced lifting of the valve body 20, 25.
    Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment in which the second valve 22 is disposed inclined to the connecting rod 29. In detail, the second lifting axis 25a of the second valve body 25 is inclined at a first angle γ of approximately 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, both the first lifting axis 20a of the first valve body 20 and the second lifting axis 25a of the second valve body 25 are arranged in a normal manner on the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29. Between the first valve body 20 and the connecting rod 29, an axially displaceable, substantially rod-shaped, first transmission element 39 and between the second valve body 25 and the connecting rod 29, an axially displaceable, for example rod-shaped, second transmission element 42 is arranged. The first displacement axis 39a of the first transmission element 39 is arranged coaxially to the first stroke axis 20a and the second displacement axis 42a of the second transmission element 42 is arranged coaxially with the second stroke axis 25a.
    Notwithstanding Figure 6, the connecting rod 29 acts in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 directly on the first and second transmission element 39,42 a. The ends 29c and 29d of the connecting rod are conical or wedge-shaped, wherein the opening angle δ of the lateral surfaces 29e of the conical or wedge-shaped end 29c, 29d is for example 30 °. When moving the connecting rod is through the inclined lateral surfaces 29 e, the first and second transmission element 39, 42 and thus the corresponding first and second valve body 20, 25 against the restoring force of the first and second valve springs 19, 24 in the direction of the first and second Hubachse 20a, 25a deflected. A separate ümlenkelement and a deflection bore for receiving this is not required here. In order to achieve the necessary stroke of the valve body 20, 25, the thickness of the connecting rod 29 should correspond to at least twice the stroke of the valve body 20, 25.
    The guide member 35b is used to guide the connecting rod 29 and the second transmission element 42. Between the guide member 35b and the first rod part, for example, an annular gap s (for example, 0.05 mm) is formed, which on the one hand to supply the control chamber 33 and the two valves 17, 22 with oil, and on the other hand acts as a throttle, to prevent a pressure wave occurring when opening the second valve 22 enters the system. The guide part 35b is fixed, for example by means of an inner locking ring 52 on the first rod part 4 and held in the correct position by means of a dowel pin 53 and secured against rotation.
    The second valve body 25 of the second valve 22 is formed as an elongated rotary member and has on the side of the second valve seat 26 below a spherical portion 25b a pin-like extension 25c, which contacts the second transmission element 42.
    Reference numeral 51 denotes a stop member for the connecting rod 29, which has a ventilation opening 51a, to allow ventilation and leakage in the crankcase, not shown. The stop element 51 prevents the connecting rod 29 in the region of the second end 29d and the second transmission element 42 from coming out of engagement in the control or that the transmission element 42 falls into the receiving bore 29b of the displacement rod 29.
    As shown in Fig. 8, a suitable tool 43 can be screwed into the front end of the housing 35 for disassembly of the control device 16, so that the connecting rod 29 can be pushed counter to the restoring force of the return spring 32 in FIG. 8 to the left until the connecting rod 28 and a pin 43 a of the tool 43 push the transmission elements 39, 42 entirely radially out of the receiving bore 29 b of the connecting rod 29. The pin 43a holds the second transmission element 42 in the extended position and prevents the second valve spring 24 presses the second transmission element 42 in the guide member 35b, which would hinder its disassembly. After screwing in the tool 43, the housing 35 can thus be pulled out of the first rod part 4 with the tool 43.
    In the sixth embodiment variant shown in FIG. 9, as in FIGS. 7 and 8, the lifting axles 20a, 25a of the first and second valve bodies 20, 25 are arranged inclined to the longitudinal axis 29a of the connecting rod 29. However, this sixth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment in that - as in Fig. 4 - a clamping function for the control piston 31 is provided. For this purpose, a guide part 35a of the housing 35 is also provided here in the region of the first valve 17, which forms the control cylinder 30 for receiving the control piston 31. In the region of the control cylinder 30, an annular space 37a forming an annular space 37 is formed on the outer circumference, this annular space 37 being flow-connected via one or more connecting channels 38 to the second oil passage 12 and further to the second high-pressure space 10. Whenever high pressure prevails in the second high-pressure chamber 10, the guide part 35a of the housing 35 is deformed in the region of the control cylinder 30 in such a way that the control piston 31 is clamped and a displacement of this due to pressure waves occurring is effectively prevented. Reference numeral 54 designates a locking element for positionally fixing the guide part 35b.
    The control device 16 has a number of in the direction of the displacement axis 16a of the control device 16 reciprocating parts, such as control piston 31, connecting rod 29 and valve body 20, 25 on. The displacement axis 16a of the control device 16 is arranged in the rocker plane ε and approximately normal to the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1.
    During the rotation of the crankshaft acceleration forces act on reciprocating parts of the control device 16, in particular on the control piston 31 against the force of the return spring 32 a. From a certain speed on the control piston 31 acting mass inertia forces are so large that finally the force of the return spring 32 is exceeded and the control piston 31 would be displaced by the acceleration forces against the restoring force alone, resulting in a malfunction of the control device 16 and so that the speed range for the adjustment of the connecting rod 1 would restrict.
    To avoid this, at least one reciprocating part of the control device 16 may have at least one buoyancy body 60 or at least partially be designed as a buoyant body. The buoyant body 60 may be formed as a hollow body or as a closed-cell foam body. The control device 16 shown in FIG. 10 differs from the control device shown in FIG. 5 in that at least one reciprocating part of the control device 16 is provided with buoyancy bodies 60, 61.
    As shown in FIG. 10, at least one buoyant body 60 can be arranged in the region of the first end face 31a. Furthermore, a buoyant body 61 can also be arranged in the region of the second end face 31b of the control piston 31. In order for the buoyant body 61 to float in the oil, defined leaks are provided between the control chamber 33 and the spring space 32a containing the return spring 32. That is, the control device 16 is configured such that between the control chamber 33 and the spring chamber 32 due to the applied pressures oil or Hydraullkmedlum can pass, in particular through small slots and gaps, which due to appropriately targeted tolerances or fits between the individual Components submit, wherein the tolerances or fits are chosen such that adjust the defined leaks. In particular, the tolerances of the control cylinder 30 and the control piston 31 are selected in this way or the fit between them is chosen so that a defined leakage occurs and hydraulic medium can pass from the control chamber 33 into the spring chamber 32.
    Furthermore, the connecting rod 29 and / or the valve body 20, 25 as a buoyant body, for example, as a hollow body, be executed.
    As is further apparent from Fig. 10, the spring chamber 32a is connected via the vent line 44 with a storage space 62 which is connected via a throttle 63 to the crank chamber of the crankcase, not shown. This allows an oil return in the crankcase space. Thus, the spring chamber 32a of the control piston 31 is always filled with the oil, since by the reciprocating movements of the control piston 31 always enough oil from the storage space 32 and / or can be sucked through the leaks. The throttle 63 allows damping of the movement of the control piston 16, whereby an opening of the first valve 17 and thus of the first high-pressure chamber 9 can be avoided by a deflection of the control piston 16 and the displacement rod 29 to follow from the second high-pressure chamber 10 returning pressure waves.
    Due to the small clearance between the control piston 31 and control cylinder 30 occur small - intended - leakage between the control chamber 33 and the spring chamber 32a, whereby the buoyancy bodies 60, 61 are always largely surrounded by oil and swim. As a result, the well-known Archimedean principle that the static buoyancy of a body in a medium is just as great as the weight of the body displaced by the medium, is used. The lateral acceleration force, which would cause a lifting of the control piston 31 and the return spring 32 is thus substantially reduced, so that malfunction of the control device 16 can be avoided.
    All described embodiments allow by the use of the buoyancy bodies 60, 61, the density of the entire system and the masses, on which lateral accelerations act as a result of the crankshaft revolution to significantly reduce. Thus, by using the buoyancy bodies 60, 61-even without the force deflection of the connecting device 27 provided in FIGS. 6 to 8-engine speeds of well over 7000 rpm can be achieved without the function of the length-adjustable connecting rod 1 having to be restricted.
    At cold start, there is a desire for a high compression. However, there is a high oil pressure in the lubricating oil circuit in the cold state of the engine, causing the
    Connecting rod 1 would be shortened, which precludes the desire for a high compression. FIGS. 11 and 12 show a solution to avoid this problem in that the connecting device 27 and / or the control piston 31 has at least one thermocouple 65, which changes the effective length of the connecting device 27 as a function of the operating temperature.
    The connecting element 28 of the connecting device 27 is formed as a normal to the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1, axially displaceable two-piece connecting rod 29 which is axially divided in the region of the control piston 31, wherein the thermocouple 65 between a first connecting rod portion 29a and a second connecting rod part 29 b, in particular between the first connecting rod part 29 a and the control piston 31 is arranged.
    The thermocouple 65 has a shorter installation length in the cold state than in the warm state. Such thermocouples have a temperature-sensitive expansion element with, for example, oil, wax, hard paraffin or metal as a wax.
    In the cold state, the thermocouple 65 compensates for the high control pressure in the cold lubricating oil circuit, which is why a shortening of the connecting rod 1 and thus lowering the compression at cold start is avoided. Due to the contracted expansion material of the thermocouple 65, the length of the connecting element 28 is shortened, which is why an opening of the first valve 17 is omitted and the pressure in the first high-pressure chamber 9 is maintained. Upon reaching the operating temperature, the expansion expands in the thermocouple 65, whereby the connecting element 28 reaches the necessary for the actuation of the first valve 17 normal length. The desired compression values can now be set according to the control of the engine map. For example, high compression is set for the low load range and low compression for the high load range.
    The internal combustion engine is usually operated immediately before parking in the partial load and with high compression. When the engine is stopped, the high compression required for the cold start has been set.
    To avoid that after prolonged rest period, the oil is pressed out of the first high pressure chamber 9 by the piston weight, between the first and second rod part 4, 5 of the connecting rod 1 acting in the direction of connecting rod extension spring element 66 may be arranged, which, for example can be designed as a plate spring. By the spring element 66, the second rod part 5 of the connecting rod 1 is held in its upper position.
    Fig. 12 shows a similar to Fig. 4 practical embodiment of the arrangement shown schematically in Figure 11 with a thermocouple 65 in the split connecting rod 29 between the first connecting rod portion 29a and the control piston 31 and one in the first high-pressure chamber 9 between the first In this case, the piston member 6 of the second rod member 5 in the left half of its upper position associated with a high compression ratio and in the left half of its low compression ratio associated with a compressed lower position Spring element 66 shown.
    Fig. 13 shows schematically a control device 16, which differs from Figs. 2a and 2b in that between the first valve 17 and the first high-pressure chamber 9 in the first oil passage 11, a first throttle device 71 is arranged. Furthermore, a second throttle device 72 is disposed between the second valve 22 and the second high pressure chamber 10 in the second oil passage 11. By the throttle means 71 and 72 pressure waves can be braked, which deflect the control device 16, in particular the valves 17, 22 could open. In particular, in a length adjustment of the connecting rod 1, a spreading of pressure waves from the high-pressure chambers 9,10 in the rest of the oil system of the vehicle and resulting damage can be prevented.
    In order to still allow rapid filling of the first high-pressure chamber 9, the first throttle device 71 can be bypassed via a first bypass channel 73, wherein in the first bypass channel 73, a first bypass valve 75 is arranged, which, for example, by a in the direction of the first high-pressure chamber 9 opening check valve is formed. The first bypass channel 75 may originate from the oil supply channel 13 or from the first connection channel 14 and flows into the first oil channel 11 or into the first high-pressure chamber 9 downstream of the first throttle device 71. Similarly, the second throttle device 72 may be formed by a bypass passage 76, which emanates from the oil supply channel 13 or the second connection channel 15 and downstream of the second throttle device 72 opens into the second oil passage 12. Furthermore, in the second bypass channel 74, a first bypass valve 75 is arranged, which is formed for example by a in the direction of the second high-pressure chamber 10 opening check valve.
    Variants are possible with only a first throttle device 71 or a second throttle device 72, or both a first 71 and a second throttle device 72, each without a bypass channel 73, 74 or in combination with at least one bypass channel 73, 74. Figs. 14 and 15 show a constructive embodiment of the scheme shown in Fig. 13.
    In Fig. 16 and 17 show relative displacements h of the two rod parts 4, 5 to each other, and the pressure curves pg and pio in the first high-pressure chamber 9 and second high pressure chamber 10, plotted against the crank angle KW for an extension and a shortening of Connecting rod 1, wherein in Fig. 17 is a full load operation of the internal combustion engine at an engine speed of 2000 rev / min and in Fig. 18, a light load operation of the internal combustion engine at an engine speed of about 4000 rev / min is shown. It can clearly be seen that in Fig. 17, the maximum length (h = 3 mm) of the connecting rod 1 after about four cycles and the minimum length (h = 0 mm) of the connecting rod are achieved after a duty cycle. In Fig. 18, the maximum length (h = 3 mm) of the connecting rod 1 is reached after about three working cycles and the minimum length (h = 0 mm) of the connecting rod after about five working cycles.
    19, 20a and 20b show a two-part, inventive connecting rod 1 for a reciprocating engine, such as an internal combustion engine, with a small connecting rod 2 for a not further shown piston pin bearing and a large connecting rod 3 for a not further shown crank pin bearing an internal combustion engine , About the large connecting rod 3, the connecting rod 1 is connectable to a crankshaft. The rotational symmetry axes of the small and large connecting rod 2,3 are designated 2a and 3a. The longitudinal axis of the connecting rod 1 is with 1a, one on the rotational symmetry axes 2a and 3a of the small and large connecting rod 2, 3 normal and the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1-containing longitudinal center plane - the swing plane - the connecting rod 1 is denoted in this case with ζ, wherein the terms ζ and □ are used synonymously for the designation of the rocker plane below.
    The connecting rod 1 has an upper first rod part 4 with the small connecting rod eye 2 and a lower second rod part 5 with the large connecting rod eye 3. The first rod part 4 is adjustable relative to the second rod part 5 between an extended position and an inserted position in the direction of the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1. For this purpose, a hydraulic medium, in particular oil-loadable Längenverstellvorrlchtung 60 is provided, which can be designed in various ways. The supply of hydraulic medium takes place via hydraulic channels 11, 12 and a Hydraullkmedlumversorgungska-channel 13, which are controlled by a control device 16. The exact embodiment of the length adjustment device 60 is not part of the invention, therefore, a possible embodiment will be described below. In it, a substantially cylindrical piston element 6 is attached to the upper first rod part 4. Other cross-sectional shapes of the piston element 6 - polygonal in polygonal shape, elliptical shape, etc., are possible.
    The piston member 6 is in an example cylindrical (corresponding to the piston member 6 - as described above are other cross-sectional shapes possible) guide body 8 of the lower second rod member 5 of the connecting rod 1 axially slidably guided, wherein between a large connecting rod 3 facing the first end face 6a of the piston member 6 and the second rod member 5 in at least one position of the two rod parts 4.5, a first high-pressure chamber 9 is clamped. The piston element 6 designed as a stepped piston has a second end face 6b facing the small connecting-rod eye 2, which adjoins a second high-pressure space 10 whose cylindrical lateral surface is formed by the guide body 8 of the second rod part 5. Under a stepped piston is generally understood a piston - in the present case a "double-acting piston" - with different sized effective surfaces, one of the active surfaces (here: oriented against the second high pressure chamber 10 effective area) as an annular surface and the other effective surface formed as a circular area is. Due to the different effective surfaces, the pressure conditions described here can be realized.
    The annular first and second end faces 6a, 6b form pressure application surfaces for an actuating medium, for example engine oil, which is conducted into the high-pressure chambers 9, 10 and is under pressure.
    A first hydraulic channel 11 is connected to the first high-pressure chamber 9 and a second hydraulic channel 12 is connected to the second high-pressure chamber 10, as indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
    The circuit diagram of the tenth and eleventh embodiments shown in Figs. 20a to 22 and 23 to 26 corresponds to the circuit arrangement shown in Figs. 29 and 30. FIGS. 29 and 30 differ from FIGS. 20a to 26 essentially only by the arrangement of the lifting axes 20a and 25a of the first 17 and second valves 22, which in the tenth and eleventh embodiments are normal to the longitudinal axis 1a and the displacement axis 16a, respectively and in the twelfth embodiment are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis 1a and the displacement axis 16a.
    The oil supply of the first and second high-pressure chamber 9, 10 via the hydraulic medium supply channel 13, which starts from the large connecting rod 3 and thus fluidly connected to the connecting rod bearing 3b. The hydraulic medium supply channel 13 is divided into sub-channels 13a, 13b, the first sub-channel 13a leading to the first high-pressure chamber 9 and the second sub-channel 13b leading to the second high-pressure chamber 10. In each of the sub-channels 13a, 13b, a check valve 14a, 14b is arranged, wherein each check valve 14a, 14b releases the flow in the direction of the respective high-pressure chamber 9, 10 and blocks in the opposite direction.
    To control the pressures in the first and second high-pressure chambers 9,10, a control device 16 in the connecting rod 1, in the lower second rod member 5, is provided, which has a first valve 17 with a first valve chamber 18 in which a is pressed against a first valve seat 21 by a first valve spring 19 biased first valve body 20. The first hydraulic channel 11 opens into the first valve chamber 18 via the first supply channel 13. Furthermore, the control device 16 has a second valve 22 with a second valve chamber 23, in which a biased by a second valve spring 24 second valve body 25 is pressed against a second valve seat 26, wherein the second hydraulic channel 12 via a second feed channel 14 into the second valve chamber 23 opens. Furthermore, the control device 16 has a connecting element 28 displaceably mounted along a displacement axis 16a between the first valve 17 and the second valve 22, which in the exemplary embodiments is essentially formed by a connecting rod which is fixedly connected to a control piston 31 displaceable in a control cylinder 30 is. The spring-loaded by a return spring 32 control piston 31 is adjacent to a control chamber 33, in which a control line 34 opens, which is connected to the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 (Fig. 29 to 32). The valve body 20 or 25 and the connecting element 28 are separate components. First valve 17 and second valve 22 are arranged in regions of different ends 28a, 28b of the connecting element 28.
    The first and second valve bodies 20, 25 of the first and second valves 17, 22 are preferably formed by balls 20b, 25b. In order to enable a low-friction actuation of the balls 20b, 25b by means of the connecting element 28 designed as a connecting rod 29, the ends 28a, 28b of the connecting element 28 are conically or spherically shaped.
    In the first position of the first valve body 20 and in the second position of the second valve body 25 is lifted by the connecting element 28 respectively against the restoring force of the valve spring 19, 24 of an associated first 21 and second valve seat 26 and the corresponding first 18th or second valve chamber 23 fluidly connected to the hydraulic medium supply channel 13. In the other position, the first valve body 20 and second valve body 25 on the first 21 and second valve seat 26 and locks the flow connection to the hydraulic medium supply channel 13. The displacement axis 16a of the connecting element 28 is in the or inclined to a normal plane τ on the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1 is formed.
    In the tenth embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 20a to 22 on the one hand and the eleventh embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 23 to 26 on the other hand, the displacement axis 16a is inclined at an angle .alpha. Of 90.degree. To a normal plane .tau. To the longitudinal axis 1a formed parallel to the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1. The first lifting axles 20a and second lifting axles 25a are aligned in the direction of the crankshaft axis, not shown in detail, that is to say normal to the swinging plane ζ of the connecting rod 1. In the first embodiment (FIGS. 20a to 22, 27), first valve 17 and second valve 22 are on different sides, whereas in the eleventh embodiment (FIGS. 23 to 26, 28) on the same side of rocker plane ζ or one through the displacement axis 16a extending parallel plane ζ to the swing plane ζ arranged.
    With increasing speed of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, the oil column in the supply lines to the control device 16 has a disadvantageous effect, so that the control of the length adjustment is hindered. Accelerations of points near the large connecting rod eye reach several thousand g, depending on the speed and geometry.
    To avoid that occur at higher speeds of the engine disturbances in the control of the length adjustment, it is advantageous if the displacement axis 16a with the normal plane τ on the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1 an angle α> 0 ° spans. The angle α can amount to a maximum of 90 °.
    Particularly good results can be achieved if the angle α is between 30 ° and 60 °, in particular between 40 ° and 50. Conveniently, in this variant (see Figs. 31 and 32) at the same time the removal 15 of the connecting rod bearing 3b, where the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 takes its output, arranged at a circumferential angle ß of about 315 °. In addition, the force component parallel to the connecting rod 1a of the return spring 32 of the Verblndungselements 28 toward small connecting rod 2. In this way, negative influences on the displacement element 28 due to the inertia of the hydraulic oil in all oil-carrying cavities of the connecting rod 1 and the inertia forces of the sliding element 28th compensate. It is particularly advantageous if the displacement axis 16a is arranged parallel to or coincident with an oil-resulting R. In this case, the oil column between the extraction point 15 in the connecting rod bearing 3b of the large connecting rod eye and its point of action on the control device 16 is understood, wherein in one variant of the invention, the oil resulting through a connecting line between the sampling point in the connecting rod 3b (in the case of a removal bore of the Bohrungsmittelpunkt ) and the operative position of the oil column is approximated to the control device 16. Characterized in that the displacement axis 16a is formed parallel to or coincident with the oil-resulting R, the mass force of the oil column between the removal in the connecting rod bearing 3b and the point of action on the control device 16 can be compensated by the inertia of the displacement element. In addition, the material and weight of the controller 16 must be tuned to minimize negative influences. In FIGS. 31 and 32, the oil-resultant R is shown as a connecting line between the bore center M of the removal 15 in the connecting rod bearing 3b of the large connecting rod eye 3 on the one hand and the intersection S between the displacement axis 16a of the connecting element 28 and the stop surface 29 facing the return spring 32 for the Connecting element 28. The return spring 32 is arranged so that a parallel to the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1 directed force component of the restoring force acts in the direction of the small connecting rod 2.
    The arrangement of the displacement axis 16a of the connecting element 28 with respect to the oil-resulting R thus allows a balancing of the phases of oscillatory movements of the oil column and the connecting element 28. The amplitude of the oscillations is compensated by adjusting the mass of the connecting element 28 so that the inertial force of the connecting element 28 is equivalent to the inertial force of the oil column. In this way, adverse effects can be compensated by inertia effects at higher speeds of the internal combustion engine. Points near the large connecting rod reach accelerations of several thousand g, depending on the speed and geometry.
    As can be seen from FIGS. 29, 30 on the one hand and FIGS. 31, 32 on the other hand, the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 extends from the connecting rod bearing 3b formed by the large connecting rod eye 3. On the supply bores (= hydraulic medium supply channel 13, sub-channels 13a, 13b) in the connecting rod 1 can act in operation forces of several 1000 times the g-force. At the same time forces acting on the connecting rod bearing 3b by fire and inertial force on a piston attached to the connecting rod. To avoid disturbing the control of the length displacement of the connecting rod 1 by these pressure fluctuations in the connecting rod bearing 3b by inertial forces of the oil column, it is advantageous to make the oil column as short as possible. In order to obtain a sufficient bearing capacity of the bearing, it is advantageous if the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 starts from a region of the connecting rod bearing 3b, which is in a range between 40 ° and 320 ° circumferential angle ß of the large connecting rod 3, wherein at 0 ° that intersection point A. between the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1 and the large connecting rod 3 is defined, which has the smallest distance to the small connecting rod 2. Particularly favorable results have been found when the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 extends from the large connecting rod 3 in a range of about 315 ° circumferential ß (especially variant Fig. 31 and 32), If the angle α is selected close to 90 °, the hydraulic medium supply channel 13 is favorably in a range of 135 ° to 225 °, ideally 180 ° circumferential angle ß out. See Figures 29 and 30 where picking 15 at 180 ° and broken picks 15 at 135 "and 225 ° are indicated - picks therebetween are not drawn, but are possible .. Here, the advantages of the picking arrangement outweigh the disadvantages associated with As a result, disturbances in operation due to pressure loading by the oil column, especially in the case of shorter bores, can be minimized while avoiding drilling and material weakening in the bearing shell in the range between 320 ° and 40 ° , which prevents unacceptable weakening of the bearing capacity of the bearing.
    Fig. 33 shows the region of the removal 15 of the connecting rod bearing 3b in section through the crank pin 7a of a crankshaft 7, wherein the oil holes 38 between the main bearing 39 and connecting rod bearing 3b are indicated.
    As can be seen in FIGS. 23 and 28, the control device 16 together with the connection element 28 can be designed as a module 35 and arranged in a substantially cylindrical housing 36, which as a unit into a cylindrical recess 37 of the second rod part 5 in the direction the longitudinal axis 1a of the connecting rod 1 is inserted. This facilitates the production.
    In Fig. 34, for an internal combustion engine without application of the present invention, the pressure p16L, p16H in the controller 16, and the design control pressure psL, psH over the crank angle KW, respectively for low ("L") and high ("H "), Where the low design control pressure psL (" low pressure mode ") is associated with a long connecting rod length and the high design control pressure psH (" high pressure mode ") is associated with a short connecting rod length in that the pressures p16H, p16L occurring in the control device 16 in the high pressure mode under or in the low pressure mode over the respective
    Design control pressures psH and psL, respectively. This leads in the example shown, which shows the pressure curve at a speed of the crankshaft of about 4000 revolutions per minute, to an uncontrollable behavior of the control device sixteenth
    Fig. 35 shows a pressure curve for a speed of the crankshaft over 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) analogous to FIG. 34, wherein a connecting rod according to the invention with the described measures to reduce the disturbing influences due to the inertial forces at high speeds is used. It can be clearly seen that the pressures p16H, p16L occurring in the control device 16 are in the high pressure mode above the high design pressure psH and in the low pressure mode below the low design control pressure psL. This ensures that even at high speeds of the internal combustion engine, the controllability of the length adjustment of the connecting rod 1 is not adversely affected by inertial forces.
    The invention thus enables a length-adjustable connecting rod, which can be adjusted reliably and reproducibly at high speeds and at the same time has sufficient bearing capacity and is easy to manufacture.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Length-adjustable connecting rod (1) for a Hubkolbenmaschlne, with at least a first rod part (4) and a second rod part (5), wherein the two rod parts (4, 5) by means of a length adjustment device (60) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (1 a) of Connecting rod (1), in particular telescopically, are on and / or slidable, wherein the length adjustment (60) via at least one hydraulic channel (11,12) with a hydraulic medium can be fed and wherein the at least one hydraulic channel (11,12) by a Control device (16) can be fluidly connected to at least one hydraulic medium supply channel (13), characterized in that the control device (16) has a first valve (17) and a second valve (22) each with a valve body (in a valve chamber (18; 20, 25), wherein the valve bodies (20, 25) in each case by a restoring force against a valve seat (21; 26) are pressed, wherein a first valve chamber (18) of the first valve (17) is fluidly connected to a first hydraulic passage (11) and a second valve space (23) of the second valve (22) is connected to a second hydraulic passage (12), and the valve bodies (20; 25) are operatively connected to one another via a connecting device (27) displaceable at least between a first position and a second position, and wherein in the first position of the connecting device (27) the first valve body (20) and in the second position of the connecting device (27) the second valve body (25) can be lifted by the connecting device (27) counter to the restoring force of the associated first or second valve seat (21, 26), and the corresponding first or second valve chamber (18, 23) can be fluidly connected to the hydraulic medium supply channel (13) is, and in each case in the other position of the connecting means (27) of the first valve body (20) on the first valve seat (21) or the second valve body (25) on the second valve seat (26) rests and blocks the flow connection to the hydraulic medium supply channel (13).
    [2]
    Second connecting rod (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting device (27) has at least one displaceable between a first position and a second position connecting element (28), preferably as axially displaceable connecting rod (29), particularly preferably as normal The axially displaceable connecting rod (29) is arranged to the longitudinal axis (1a) of the connecting rod (1), wherein the first valve body (20) and the second valve body (25) via the connecting element (28) are operatively connected to each other, and wherein the connecting element ( 28) is preferably fixedly connected to a control piston (31) displaceable in a control cylinder (30), which adjoins a control chamber (33) into which opens a control line (34), wherein the control line (34) is preferably connected to the hydraulic medium supply channel (13 ) is fluidly connected.
    [3]
    3. connecting rod (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve body (20, 25) and the connecting means (27) are separate components, in particular the valve body (20, 25) and the connecting element (28), wherein the Connecting device (27), in particular the connecting element (28), in the first position from the second valve body (25) and in the second position from the first valve body (20) is spaced.
    [4]
    4. Connecting rod (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting element (28), preferably the connecting rod (29), along a displacement axis (16 a) is displaceable, wherein the displacement axis (16 a) preferably with a normal plane (t) on a longitudinal axis (1a) of the connecting rod (1) spans an angle α, for which the following relationship applies; 0 ° <α <= 90 °, wherein the displacement axis (16a) is particularly preferably arranged parallel to a Ölresultierenden (R).
    [5]
    5. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a first lifting axis (20a) of the first valve body (20) is formed coaxially with the longitudinal axis (29a) of the connecting rod (29), wherein the first valve ( 17) in the region of a first end (29c) of the connecting rod (29) is arranged.
    [6]
    6. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that a second lifting axis (25 a) of the second valve body (25) is coaxially with the longitudinal axis (29 a) of the connecting rod (29) is formed, wherein the second valve (22) in the region of a second end (29d) of the connecting rod (29) is arranged, and wherein preferably the first valve seat (21) of the first valve (17) and the second valve seat (26) of the second valve (22) facing away from each other ,
    [7]
    7. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first lifting axis (20a) of the first valve body (20) at a first angle (a) of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis (29a ) of the connecting rod (29) is arranged inclined.
    [8]
    8. Connecting rod (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that between the first valve body (20) and the connecting rod (29) at least one preferably rod-shaped first transmission element (39) is arranged axially displaceable, wherein particularly preferably a first displacement axis (39 a) of the transmission element (39) is arranged coaxially with the first stroke axis (20a) of the first valve body (20).
    [9]
    9. Connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the second lifting axis (25a) of the second valve body (25) at a second angle (γ) of about 90 ° +/- 60 ° to the longitudinal axis (29a ) of the connecting rod (29) is arranged inclined,
    [10]
    10. connecting rod (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that between the second valve body (25) and the connecting rod (29) at least one preferably rod-shaped second transmission element (42) is arranged axially displaceable, preferably a second displacement axis (42 a) of the second transmission element (42) is arranged coaxially with the second stroke axis (25a) of the second valve body (22).
    [11]
    11. Connecting rod (1) according to claim 8 and / or 10, characterized in that between the first transmission element (39) and the connecting rod (29) and / or between the second transmission element (42) and the connecting rod (29) at least one preferably Spherical deflecting element (40) is arranged, particularly preferably the deflecting element (40) in one of the receiving bores (29b, 39b, 42b) of the connecting rod (29) and the first and second transmission element (39, 42) connecting and at an angle ( ß) greater than 0 ° to this inclined deflection bore (41) is arranged.
    [12]
    12. connecting rod (1) according to claim 8 and / or 10, characterized in that the connecting rod (29) in at least one position directly on the first and second transmission element (39, 42) acts.
    [13]
    13. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 12, characterized in that the first lifting axis (20a) of the first valve body (20) normal to the displacement axis (16a) of the connecting element (28) and / or to the longitudinal axis (1 a) of the connecting rod (1) is formed, wherein the first valve (17) in the region of a first end (28 a) of the connecting element (28) is arranged.
    [14]
    14. Connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5 or 7 to 13, characterized in that the second lifting axis (25a) of the second valve body (25) normal to the displacement axis (16a) of the connecting element (28) and / or to the longitudinal axis (1a) of the connecting rod (1) is formed, wherein the second valve (22) in the region of a second end (28b) of the connecting element (28) is arranged.
    [15]
    15. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the first lifting axis (20a) of the first valve body (20) and / or the second lifting axis (25a) of the second valve body (25) extending parallel to a crankshaft axis are formed.
    [16]
    16. connecting rod (1) according to one of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the control cylinder (30) at its outer periphery preferably by a circumferential annular groove (37 a) formed annular space (37) which communicates with the control chamber (33) or a high pressure chamber (10) is fluidly connected.
    [17]
    17. Connecting rod (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting device (27) and / or the control piston (31) has at least one thermoelement (65).
    [18]
    18. connecting rod (1) according to claim 2 and 17, characterized in that the connecting rod (29) is axially divided, preferably in the region of the control piston (31), wherein the thermocouple (65) between a first connecting rod part (29 a) and a second connecting rod part (29b) is arranged, more preferably between the first connecting rod part (29a) and the control piston (31).
    [19]
    19. Connecting rod (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the first rod part (4) and the second rod part (5) acting in the direction of connecting rod extension spring element (66) is arranged, wherein preferably the spring element (66) as Disc spring is formed.
    [20]
    20. connecting rod (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device together with valve body and connecting means (27) as a module (35) and arranged in a housing (36), which as a unit in a corresponding recess (37 ) in the first (4) or second rod part (5) can be inserted, wherein the housing (36) and the recess (37) are preferably made substantially cylindrical.
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    同族专利:
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    AT517217B1|2016-12-15|
    AT15006U3|2017-07-15|
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    法律状态:
    2021-02-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20200630 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50511/2015A|AT517217B1|2015-06-18|2015-06-18|LENGTH-ADJUSTABLE CONNECTING ROD|
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